音标:英 /ˈtemp(ə)l/,美 /ˈtemp(ə)l/
temple 是多义词,主要有两类含义:
宗教建筑:指供奉神佛、进行宗教仪式的场所,如佛教寺庙、印度教神殿等。在犹太教中特指耶路撒冷古圣殿(the Temple),在基督教语境中可指新教教堂,在锡克教、摩门教等宗教中也有类似用法。
人体部位:指头部两侧、前额下方的“太阳穴”,是颅骨较薄的区域。
作为宗教建筑
表示具体寺庙时,可与宗教名称搭配,如 Buddhist temple(佛寺)、Hindu temple(印度教寺庙)。
表示“去寺庙做礼拜”时,美式英语中常用 go to temple,不加冠词,如“We go to temple on Saturdays”(我们每周六去寺庙)。
专有名词需大写,如 the Temple of Heaven(天坛)、Lama Temple(雍和宫)。
作为太阳穴
指头部两侧的区域,常用复数形式 temples,如“Threads of silver ran through his beard and the hair at his temples”(他的胡须和两鬓头发中夹杂着缕缕银丝)。
| 短语 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| temple of heaven | 天坛(中国北京景点) | The architectural structure of the Temple of Heaven is unique.(天坛的建筑结构很别致) |
| Buddhist temple | 佛寺 | A small Buddhist temple stands at the foot of the mountain.(山脚下有一座小佛寺) |
| temple fair | 庙会(传统民俗活动) | People gather at the temple fair to celebrate the Spring Festival.(人们聚在庙会庆祝春节) |
| ancestral temple | 祠堂,宗祠 | The ancestral temple has been preserved for over 300 years.(这座祠堂已保存300多年) |
We go to temple on Saturdays.(我们每周六去寺庙做礼拜。)
The chanting inside the temple stopped.(寺庙内的诵经声停了。)
Threads of silver ran through his beard and the hair at his temples.(他的胡须和两鬓已有银丝。)
The temple is now inaccessible to the public.(这座寺庙目前不对公众开放。)
Hieroglyphics are carved into the walls of the temple.(寺庙墙壁上刻有象形文字。)
You're meant to take your shoes off when you enter a Hindu temple.(进入印度教寺庙时应脱鞋。)
The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.(这座庙宇在公元前1470年的火山爆发中被毁。)
He had a reddening welt on his temple and his nose was bleeding.(他太阳穴有红肿,鼻子在流血。)
The temple is supported by marble columns.(这座庙宇由大理石柱支撑。)
St Paul speaks of the body as the "temple of the Holy Spirit".(圣保罗称身体为“圣灵的殿堂”。)
在历史语境中,temple 常与古代文明关联,如 the Temple of Zeus(宙斯神庙)、the Temple of Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯神庙),这些是古希腊、罗马文明的重要遗迹。
在比喻用法中,temple 可指“神圣的场所或事物”,如“the temple of art”(艺术殿堂)。
作为人名时,Temple 译为“坦普尔”,如美国演员秀兰·邓波儿(Shirley Temple)。
无论是指代庄严的宗教建筑,还是头部脆弱的太阳穴,temple 一词都承载着文化、解剖学等多重意义,其用法需结合具体语境判断。