音标:英 /ˈʃæbi/,美 /ˈʃæbi/
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心含义:既可描述事物状态,也可形容行为性质,主要包含两类释义:一是“破旧的、寒酸的”,指物品因长期使用或缺乏维护而状态糟糕;二是“卑鄙的、不公正的”,形容行为或品质低劣可耻[9]。
事物状态
破旧的、破烂的:指物品、建筑等因老化或疏于保养而外观残损。
例:His clothes were old and shabby.(他的衣服又旧又破。)
衣衫褴褛的、寒酸的:形容人穿着不体面,给人穷困潦倒的印象。
例:The orphan wore shabby clothes and had nowhere to go.(这个孤儿穿着破旧的衣服,无处可去。)
行为或品质
卑鄙的、卑劣的:指行为不道德、不公正,令人不齿。
例:He even plays a shabby trick on his father.(他甚至对自己的父亲玩弄卑鄙手段。)
低劣的、质量差的:形容事物水平或标准低下。
例:His reasoning is weak, even shabby.(他的论证软弱无力,甚至可以说很拙劣。)
比较级:shabbier 或 more shabby
最高级:shabbiest 或 most shabby
副词:shabbily(卑鄙地;破旧地)
名词:shabbiness(破旧;卑鄙)[8]
Shabby-Chic:老旧时尚(一种刻意追求复古、做旧风格的设计美学)[9]
shabby-genteel:死要面子的(形容表面维持体面,实则境况窘迫)
not too shabby:口语中表示“不错、相当好”,带有肯定意味。
例:It was a not so shabby week for the team who had three wins.(这支队伍赢了三场,这周表现相当不错。)
| 单词 | 侧重含义 | 例句对比 |
|---|---|---|
| shabby | 强调因使用过久或行为不公导致的“破旧/卑鄙” | The shabby furniture looked decades old.(这套破旧家具看起来有几十年了。) |
| mean | 侧重自私、小气或残忍的“卑鄙” | He was mean to refuse help to the poor.(他拒绝帮助穷人,真是小气。) |
| cheap | 侧重质量低劣或品味低俗 | The cheap fabric tore easily.(这种劣质面料很容易撕破。) |
She wore shabby old jeans and a T-shirt.(她穿着一条破旧的牛仔裤和一件T恤衫。)
The general divided his time between his shabby offices and his home.(将军的时间一部分在他那破旧的办公室里度过,另一部分在他的家中度过。)
What a shabby way to treat your friends!(这样对待你的朋友真是卑鄙!)
The abandoned house looked shabby and neglected.(那栋废弃的房子看起来破旧又无人打理。)
Her shabby appearance drew sniggers from the guests.(她寒酸的样子引来客人的窃笑。)
He failed to grasp why the individual received such shabby treatment.(他不明白为何这个人受到如此卑劣的对待。)
The apartment was small but attractive, if rather shabby.(这套公寓不大却很漂亮,尽管已相当陈旧。)