以下以动词 instruct 为例,详细解析其音标、含义、翻译、用法、例句及短语搭配,帮助系统掌握词汇应用:
英 /ɪnˈstrʌkt/,美 /ɪnˈstrʌkt/
重音在第二音节,发音时注意 /ʌ/ 类似“阿”的短音,尾音 /t/ 轻读 。
指示,吩咐(正式告知他人做某事)
例:The manager instructed staff to attend the meeting.(经理指示员工参加会议。)
教授,指导(传授知识或技能)
例:She instructs students in piano.(她教授学生钢琴。)
聘请(律师),托办
例:He instructed a lawyer to handle the case.(他聘请律师处理案件。)
(法官向陪审团)建议,作说明
例:The judge instructed the jury on legal procedures.(法官向陪审团说明法律程序。)
及物动词,需接宾语,如“instruct sb. to do sth.”(指示某人做某事)或“instruct sb. in sth.”(在某方面指导某人)。
多用于正式语境,如职场、教育、法律场景,日常口语中可替换为“tell”或“teach”。
被动语态常见:“be instructed to do sth.”(被指示做某事)。
The doctor instructed patients to take medicine twice a day.
(医生嘱咐病人每天服药两次。)
Parents should instruct children about road safety.
(父母应教导孩子道路安全知识。)
You can instruct your bank to block the payment.
(你可以通知银行停止支付。)
The teacher instructed the class to prepare a presentation.
(老师要求全班准备演讲。)
The contract instructs workers to wear protective gear.
(合同规定工人必须穿戴防护装备。)
She was instructed not to discuss the project with outsiders.
(她被命令不得与外人讨论该项目。)
The manual instructs users how to assemble the furniture.
(说明书指导用户如何组装家具。)
The coach instructed the team to focus on defense.
(教练指示球队加强防守。)
The government instructed local authorities to improve public transport.
(政府要求地方当局改善公共交通。)
He instructed his assistant to cancel the meeting.
(他让助理取消会议。)
instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事
例:The boss instructed us to finish the report by Friday.(老板要求我们周五前完成报告。)
instruct in sth. 教导某事(技能或知识)
例:She instructs in advanced mathematics at the university.(她在大学教授高等数学。)
instruct counsel 委托律师
例:The company instructed counsel to defend against the lawsuit.(公司委托律师应诉。)
instruct me(口语)请教,指导
例:Could you instruct me on how to use this software?(你能教我用这个软件吗?)
instruct vs. teach:两者都含“教”的意思,但“instruct”更强调系统性指导或权威指示,如“instruct soldiers”(训练士兵);“teach”侧重传授知识,如“teach children to read”(教孩子阅读)。
instruct vs. order:“order”语气更强硬,含“命令”意味,如“order troops to attack”(命令军队进攻);“instruct”更侧重“指导”或“告知”。
通过以上解析,可清晰掌握 instruct 的多维度应用。英语中许多动词如“instruct”具有固定搭配和场景偏好,结合例句和语境记忆,能避免机械背诵“固定搭配”的误区,提升表达准确性。