成语

ask_sb_to_do_sth的意思_音标_例句

ask sb to do sth

ask sb to do sth 是英语中常用的动词短语结构,核心含义为“请求或要求某人做某事”。其基本语法结构由动词 ask 接宾语 sb(somebody 的缩写,指某人),后接动词不定式 to do sth(to+动词原形,表示具体行为)构成,在句中通常作谓语,表达主动向他人提出行动指令或请求的语义。

音标

英式发音:[ɑːsk ˈsʌmbədi tu duː ˈsʌmθɪŋ]

美式发音:[æsk ˈsʌmbədi tu duː ˈsʌmθɪŋ]

其中,ask 的重读在首音节,英式发音中“a”读长音 /ɑː/,美式发音中读短音 /æ/;somebodysomething 需弱读,发音为 /ˈsʌmbədi/ 和 /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/。

用法解析

核心语义

该结构主要表达两种语气:

请求(礼貌性):如“请朋友帮忙”“邀请他人参与”;

要求(指令性):如“老师对学生的要求”“上级对下级的指示”。

语法特点

不可拆分性:sb 必须置于 ask 之后,to do sth 作为宾语补足语紧随其后,不可调换顺序。

否定形式:在不定式前加 not,即 ask sb not to do sth(要求某人不要做某事),例如:My mother asked me not to stay up late.(妈妈要求我不要熬夜)。

被动语态:可转换为 sb be asked to do sth,例如:She was asked to give a speech.(她被邀请发表演讲)。

常见错误对比

ask sb doing sth:错误结构。ask 后接不定式作宾补,不可用动名词形式,因“请求的动作”通常尚未发生。
ask sb to do sth:正确形式。

例句

以下为10个实用场景示例,涵盖请求、要求、邀请等语境:

I asked my classmate to explain the math problem to me.(我请同学给我讲解这道数学题。)

The manager asked the team to finish the report by Friday.(经理要求团队在周五前完成报告。)

She asked her brother to lend her a pen.(她请求哥哥借她一支笔。)

The teacher asked students to keep quiet during the exam.(老师要求学生考试时保持安静。)

We asked the waiter to bring us two cups of coffee.(我们请服务员上两杯咖啡。)

My parents asked me to call them every weekend.(父母要求我每周给他们打电话。)

The host asked guests to sign their names on the list.(主人请客人在名单上签名。)

He asked his assistant to book a flight ticket.(他让助理订一张机票。)

The police asked the witness to describe the accident.(警察要求目击者描述事故经过。)

They asked us to join their hiking trip next Sunday.(他们邀请我们周日一起去徒步。)

短语搭配

ask sb to do sth 属于“动词+sb+不定式”结构,类似的常用短语还有:

 

短语 含义 例句
tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 He told me to wait here.
want sb to do    

 

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