shoulder 是英语中常见的多义词,既可用作名词表示身体部位或相关概念,也可用作动词表示承担或推挤等动作。其核心含义围绕“肩部”展开,并通过隐喻延伸出责任、支撑等抽象意义。
音标:英 /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/,美 /ˈʃoʊldər/
词性变化:
名词复数:shoulders
动词第三人称单数:shoulders
过去式/过去分词:shouldered
现在分词:shouldering
身体部位:指连接颈部和上臂的部位,即肩膀或肩胛。
例:She tapped him on the shoulder.(她拍了拍他的肩膀。)
前腿肉:动物前腿上部的肉块,如羊肩肉。
例:We're having shoulder of lamb for dinner.(今晚晚餐吃羊肩肉。)
路肩:公路两侧供紧急停靠的地带。
例:The car pulled off onto the shoulder.(汽车停靠在路肩。)
衣服肩部:服装覆盖肩膀的部分。
例:The jacket has padded shoulders.(这件夹克有垫肩。)
责任承担者:比喻需要承担责任的人。
例:He has a heavy burden on his shoulders.(他肩负重任。)
扛、担:用肩膀支撑重物。
例:He shouldered the sack of grain.(他扛着一袋粮食。)
承担:肩负责任、义务等抽象事物。
例:She shouldered the responsibility alone.(她独自承担了责任。)
用肩推挤:通过肩部用力推开他人或物体。
例:He shouldered his way through the crowd.(他挤过人群。)
cold shoulder:冷淡对待
例:She gave him the cold shoulder after the argument.(争吵后她对他很冷淡。)
a shoulder to cry on:可倾诉的对象
例:She needed a shoulder to cry on after her breakup.(分手后她需要一个可以倾诉的人。)
shoulder to shoulder:并肩;团结一致
例:They fought shoulder to shoulder against the enemy.(他们并肩对抗敌人。)
look over one's shoulder:小心提防
例:He looked over his shoulder while walking alone.(他独自走路时小心环顾四周。)
put one's shoulder to the wheel:全力以赴
例:We must put our shoulder to the wheel to finish the project.(我们必须全力以赴完成项目。)
名词用法:
The bullet wounded his shoulder.(子弹打伤了他的肩膀。)
The dress has an off-the-shoulder design.(这件连衣裙是露肩设计。)
动词用法:
She shouldered her bag and walked away.(她扛起包离开了。)
He shouldered the blame for the mistake.(他为错误承担了责任。)
习语用法:
When she lost her job, her sister was a shoulder to cry on.(失业时,她姐姐成了她的依靠。)
The team stood shoulder to shoulder to overcome the crisis.(团队团结一致克服了危机。)
shoulder 的多义性使其在日