英式发音:/ˈpɜːpətreɪtə(r)/
美式发音:/ˈpɜːrpətreɪtər/
词性:名词(n.),复数形式为 perpetrators [4]
指实施犯罪、恶行或不当行为的人,可译为“犯罪者”“加害者”“行凶者”或“作恶者”。其语义聚焦于行为的主动实施者,尤指涉及违法或不道德行为的个体[3][5]。
词源:源自拉丁语 perpetrator,由动词 perpetrare(“执行、完成”)派生而来,16世纪进入英语后专指“恶行的实施者”。
同义词:culprit(罪犯)、criminal(犯人)、wrongdoer(作恶者)、offender(违法者),口语中可缩写为 perp[6]。
常用搭配
描述具体犯罪场景:the perpetrator of the crime(犯罪凶手)
法律语境:identify the perpetrator(指认肇事者)
社会议题:victim and perpetrator(受害者与加害者)
语法特点
作为可数名词,需与定冠词 the 搭配特指某一行为的实施者,如 The perpetrator must be brought to justice(必须将凶手绳之以法)。
The perpetrator of this crime must be traced.
(必须追查这起案件的凶手。)
Risk to the perpetrator is extremely low for fraud on the web.
(网络诈骗者面临的风险极低。)
Victims are demanding the perpetrator be dealt with appropriately.
(受害者要求依法严惩加害者。)
Police are still searching for the perpetrator of the theft.
(警方仍在搜捕这起盗窃案的作案人。)
They questioned whether he was the actual perpetrator.
(他们质疑他是否为真正的行凶者。)
The report focuses on the relationship between victim and perpetrator.
(该报告聚焦受害者与加害者的关系。)
Witnesses described the perpetrator as a tall man in a black jacket.
(目击者描述凶手是一名穿黑夹克的高个男子。)
The perpetrator was arrested after leaving fingerprints at the scene.
(肇事者因在现场留下指纹而被捕。)
She couldn’t identify the perpetrator due to poor lighting.
(因光线昏暗,她无法指认行凶者。)
Experts analyzed the perpetrator’s motives for the attack.
(专家分析了袭击者的作案动机。)
该词广泛用于法律文书、新闻报道和社会科学研究中,强调行为的主动性与后果的严重性。例如:
法律案件:“警方已锁定三名潜在肇事者”(Police have identified three potential perpetrators)
学术研究:探讨“加害者心理”(perpetrator psychology)
网络安全:“网络诈骗的肇事者几乎无需承担风险”(Risk to the perpetrator is extremely low for fraud on the web)
历史语境:“他被视为大屠杀的主要加害者”(He was regarded as the main perpetrator of the Holocaust)
如何判断一个行为的实施者是否构成“perpetrator”?关键在于其是否主动、故意地实施了具有社会危害性的行为——这一界定既适用于法律案件,也适用于道德层面的谴责。