across 是英语中常用的介词和副词,基本含义为“从一边到另一边”。英式音标为 /əˈkrɒs/,美式音标为 /əˈkrɑːs/,重音在第二个音节,发音时注意“o”在英音中读 /ɒ/,美音中读 /ɑː/,结尾的“s”发清辅音 /s/ 。作为介词时,它核心表示“横过、穿过”或“在……对面”,如描述从物体表面跨越的动作;作为副词时,则强调“从一边到另一边”的状态或方向,如“walk across”(走过去)。
across 的核心用法可分为三类。一是表示空间移动,指从物体表面“横穿”,如“She walked across the street”(她穿过街道),区别于 through(从内部穿过)和 over(从上方越过)。二是描述位置关系,意为“在……对面”,常用搭配“across from”,如“The bank is across from the post office”(银行在邮局对面)。三是表示范围或抽象概念,如“The news spread across the country”(消息传遍全国),强调“遍及”或“跨越隔阂”,例如“parties competing across the political spectrum”(各党派跨越政治光谱竞争)。
across 有多个高频短语搭配,其中“come across”既表示“偶然遇见”,如“I came across an old photo”(我偶然发现一张旧照片),也可指“给人……印象”,如“He comes across as friendly”(他给人友好的印象)。“get across”意为“使被理解”,如“I hope my point gets across”(希望我的观点能被理解);“cut across”表示“抄近路穿过”,如“We cut across the park to save time”(我们抄近路穿过公园以节省时间)。此外,“across the board”表示“全面地”,如“The policy benefits all employees across the board”(这项政策全面惠及所有员工)。
以下是 10 个实用例句,涵盖不同场景:
She walked across the floor and sat down.(她走过地板坐了下来。)
The post office is across from the supermarket.(邮局在超市对面。)
Clouds drifted across the sky.(云朵飘过天空。)
He scrawled his name across the document.(他在文件上潦草地签了名。)
The team needs to get across the river by dawn.(队伍必须在黎明前过河。)
This view is common across all age groups.(各年龄段普遍持有这一观点。)
She came across an interesting book in the library.(她在图书馆偶然发现一本有趣的书。)
The bridge stretches across the valley.(桥梁横跨山谷。)
He glanced across at his sleeping wife.(他瞥向睡着的妻子。)
The new policy will affect industries across the board.(新政策将全面影响各行业。)
使用 across 时,需注意与 cross 的区别:across 是介词或副词,而 cross 是动词,如“go across the road”等同于“cross the road”(过马路)。此外,描述“宽度”时可用“... across”,如“The table is three feet across”(这张桌子宽三英尺)。掌握这些用法,能更准确地表达空间关系和抽象概念,让语言更生动自然。