音标:英 /hɑːd/,美 /hɑːrd/
硬的;坚固的:指物体质地坚硬,不易变形或切割。
例:The ice is too hard to skate on.(冰太硬,不能滑冰。)
困难的;费力的:需要大量体力或脑力劳动。
例:This math problem is hard for me.(这道数学题对我来说很难。)
努力的;辛苦的:表示付出极大精力。
例:She made a hard attempt to finish the project.(她努力完成了项目。)
严厉的;冷酷的:形容态度或行为缺乏同情心。
例:He took a hard line on rule-breakers.(他对违规者采取严厉态度。)
(天气)凛冽的:指气候寒冷或恶劣。
例:We endured a hard winter last year.(去年我们经历了严寒的冬天。)
努力地;费力地:修饰动作,表示尽力而为。
例:She works hard to support her family.(她努力工作养家。)
猛烈地;严重地:表示程度强烈。
例:The storm hit the coast hard.(风暴猛烈袭击海岸。)
坚定地;牢固地:强调动作的稳固性。
例:Hold hard to the rope while climbing.(爬山时抓紧绳子。)
接近地;紧接着:表示时间或空间上的临近。
例:Spring comes hard on the heels of winter.(春天紧随冬天而来。)
硬海滩;登陆处(多用于英式英语):指坚硬的沙滩或海岸。
例:The troops landed on the hard at dawn.(军队黎明时在硬海滩登陆。)
hard work(名词短语):艰苦的工作
例:Success requires hard work and patience.(成功需要努力和耐心。)
work hard(动词短语):努力工作/学习
例:If you work hard, you will succeed.(只要努力,你就会成功。)
hard-line(形容词):强硬的;不妥协的
例:The government adopted a hard-line policy on terrorism.(政府对恐怖主义采取强硬政策。)
hardly(副词):几乎不(与hard无直接关联)
例:I hardly knew anyone at the party.(聚会上我几乎不认识任何人。)
as hard as nails:铁石心肠;冷酷无情
例:He’s as hard as nails when negotiating contracts.(他谈判合同时冷酷无情。)
Learning a new language is hard but rewarding.(学新语言很难,但有回报。)
They fought hard to win the championship.(他们为夺冠奋力拼搏。)
The concrete sets hard within 24 hours.(混凝土24小时内凝固变硬。)
She took the criticism very hard.(她深受批评的打击。)
He has a hard time making friends.(他很难交到朋友。)
The company was hit hard by the recession.(公司受经济衰退重创。)
It’s hard to believe she’s already 50.(很难相信她已经50岁了。)
He stared hard at the stranger.(他紧盯着那个陌生人。)
The team played hard until the final minute.(球队奋战到最后一分钟。)
Hard work never killed anyone.(努力工作无害。)
hard vs. hardly:hard表示“努力地”,hardly表示“几乎不”。
例:He works hard(他努力工作)vs. He hardly works(他几乎不工作)。
hard work vs. work hard:前者是名词短语(hard为形容词),后者是动词短语(hard为副词)。
例:Hard work pays off(努力有回报)vs. You must work hard(你必须努力)。
提示:hard的比较级和最高级为harder和hardest,可同时用于形容词和副词。
例:She runs harder than her brother.(她比弟弟跑得更努力。)
语言的魅力在于细节,一个“hard”就能演绎出“坚硬”与“努力”的多重人生。你还能想到哪些用hard描绘的场景?