音标:英 /əˈbaʊt/
词性及含义
about 是英语中多词性、高频使用的词汇,主要用作介词、副词和形容词:
关于;涉及
表示内容或主题的相关性,后接名词、代词或动名词。普通语境中使用广泛,较正式或学术性主题常用 on 替代。
a book about history(一本关于历史的书)
She knew a lot about food.(她对食品懂得很多)
大约;左右
用于数字前表示近似值,可修饰时间、数量、价格等。
It costs about $10.(这需10美元左右)
The rate of inflation is running at about 2.7 per cent.(通货膨胀率大约在2.7%)
针对;为了解决
表示对某问题采取行动。
Rachel was going to do something about Jacob.(雷切尔要对雅各布采取行动)
在…周围;附近
描述位置关系或活动范围。
He walked about the room.(他在房间里走来走去)
大约
等同于 approximately,修饰数字或时间。
He arrived at about 10 o'clock.(他大约10点钟到达)
到处;四处
表示无固定方向的移动或分布。
The children were running about.(孩子们到处跑)
He looked about for his keys.(他四处寻找他的钥匙)
即将发生的;正要…的
仅用于表语,构成 be about to do sth 结构,强调动作“即将发生”,不可与具体时间状语(如 tomorrow)连用,但可与 just 搭配增强即时感。
I think he's about to leave.(我想他就要离开)
They are just about to leave.(他们马上就要离开了)
否定式可表“不愿意做某事”:I'm not about to pay 100 dollars for that dress.(我不愿意花100美元买那件衣服)
动词+about
talk about 谈论:Let's talk about the plan for tomorrow.(让我们谈谈明天的计划)
worry about 担心:Don't worry about me.(别担心我)
hear about 听说:I just heard about the accident.(我刚听说了那起事故)
set about doing sth 着手做某事:He set about preparing for the exam.(他开始为考试做准备)
形容词+about
angry about 对…生气:The customers grew angry about the delays.(顾客们对拖延感到生气)
anxious about 担心…:She seemed anxious about the interview.(她似乎对面试忧心忡忡)
careful about 对…谨慎:People should be careful about used masks.(人们应谨慎处理用过的口罩)
固定句型
be about to do sth when… 正要做某事,这时突然…:I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.(我正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃突然响了)
How/What about…? 用于提出建议或询问情况:How about going for a walk?(去散散步怎么样?)
out and about (病后)外出活动:Despite pain, she's been out and about almost normally.(尽管疼痛,她已几乎像正常人一样外出活动)
避免冗余:be about to do sth 本身已表“即将”,不可与 soon、tomorrow 等时间状语连用。
及物动词误用:discuss、consider、explain 等及物动词后直接接宾语,无需加 about。
正:We'll discuss it.(我们会讨论此事)
误:We'll discuss about it.
about 的多义性使其成为英语中最活跃的词汇之一,掌握其搭配和语境差异是提升表达准确性的关键。你是否曾在写作中混淆 about 和 on 的用法?不妨尝试用今天学到的规则重新组织句子,感受细微差别带来的表达升级。