intensive care
音标:英 /ɪnˈtensɪv keə(r)/,美 /ɪnˈtensɪv ker/
核心含义:指医院中为危重症患者提供的持续监测、生命支持和高级医疗干预的特殊护理模式,通常在配备专业设备和医护团队的重症监护室(ICU)进行。其核心目标是通过密集的医疗资源投入,维持患者生命体征并治疗危及生命的病症。
医学定义:针对严重创伤、器官衰竭、术后并发症等危急情况的患者,提供24小时不间断的生命体征监测(如心率、血压、血氧)、机械通气、药物支持等高级治疗措施。
应用场景:常见于重大手术后(如心脏手术、器官移植)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、严重感染(如败血症)等需要多学科协作管理的病例。
全球表述差异:在中文语境中,中国大陆通常称为“重症监护”,港澳地区译为“深切治疗”;英文中常用缩写ICU(Intensive Care Unit)指代其对应的病房。
intensive care unit (ICU):重症监护室,配备呼吸机、监护仪等设备的专用病房。
neonatal intensive care:新生儿重症监护,针对早产儿或危重新生儿的特殊护理。
postoperative intensive care:术后重症监护,用于大型手术后患者的恢复期监测。
cardiac intensive care unit (CICU):心脏重症监护室,专门收治心脏病危重症患者的亚专科单元。
事故受害者已被送入重症监护室,目前依靠呼吸机维持生命。(The accident victims have been taken into intensive care and are currently on a ventilator.)
新生儿术后在ICU接受了四天治疗,十天后顺利出院无并发症。(Post-operatively, the neonate was managed in the intensive care unit for four days and discharged without complications ten days later.)
尽管使用了抗生素和清创术,2000年疫情中的部分患者仍因缺乏抗毒素死于重症监护中。(Patients in the 2000 cluster died in intensive care despite debridement and antibiotics due to the absence of antitoxin.)
他因严重感染引发败血症,在ICU接受了两周的抗感染和器官支持治疗。(He developed sepsis from a severe infection and received two weeks of anti-infective therapy and organ support in intensive care.)
早产儿通常需要数周的新生儿重症监护,以应对呼吸和喂养困难。(Premature babies often require weeks of neonatal intensive care to manage respiratory and feeding difficulties.)
术后患者在重症监护室拔除气管插管的中位时间为3小时,但部分病例需长达8天。(Extubation occurred at a median of 3 hours after ICU admission, though some patients required up to 8 days of ventilation.)
她在周五看似康复,但周末病情恶化,不得不重新回到重症监护。(She appeared recovered on Friday but relapsed over the weekend and was readmitted to intensive care.)
重症监护中,导管和输液线路是感染的主要源头,需严格无菌操作。(In intensive care, catheters and intravenous lines are the primary sources of infection, requiring strict aseptic protocols.)
经过三周的密集治疗,他终于脱离危险,转出了重症监护室。(After three weeks of intensive care, he was finally out of danger and transferred out of the ICU.)
现代重症监护技术的进步,使得过去无法挽救的多器官衰竭患者获得了生存机会。(Advances in intensive care have enabled survival in patients with multi-organ failure that was previously untreatable.)
重症监护是现代医学的重要里程碑,其发展显著降低了危重症患者的死亡率,尤其在心脏手术、创伤救治和传染病大流行(如COVID-19)中发挥关键作用。然而,其高成本和资源密集特性也引发了关于医疗资源分配的伦理讨论,例如如何平衡患者生存质量与治疗强度。
在面对生命威胁时,重症监护为何既是“希望的堡垒”,又可能成为“艰难抉择的战场”?这一矛盾或许正是现代医学技术与人文关怀交织的缩影。