音标:英 /skrætʃ/,美 /skrætʃ/
词性及释义
动词(v.):抓;搔(痒);划破;划掉;勉强维生;取消
名词(n.):抓痕;乱写;抓的声音;起跑线
形容词(adj.):无让步的;仓促拼凑的
词形变化
名词: scratcher
过去式: scratched
过去分词: scratched
现在分词: scratching
第三人称单数: scratches
短语搭配
from scratch:从头开始;白手起家
up to scratch:达到标准
without a scratch:安然无恙;毫发无损
scratch the surface:浅尝辄止;只触及表面
scratch your head:挠头(表示困惑)
用法示例
动词:
The dog scratched itself behind the ear.(狗用爪子挠挠耳后。)
Be careful not to scratch the furniture.(小心别刮坏家具。)
You can scratch my name off the list.(你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。)
名词:
Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.(她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。)
The car's paintwork is badly scratched.(车的漆面划损得很厉害。)
He escaped without a scratch.(他毫发未损地逃了出去。)
形容词:
a scratch team(临时组建的队伍)
scratch resistance(抗划伤性)
例句
Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.(从零开始建一个家既令人兴奋又充满挑战。)
I've been scratching my head trying to solve this puzzle.(我一直挠头想解这道题。)
The suggestion is that they should start from scratch.(提出的建议是,他们从头开始。)
Amazingly, he survived the crash without a scratch.(令人惊讶的是,他在车祸中毫发无损。)
This book only scratches the surface of the problem.(这本书只触及了问题的表面。)
词源趣谈"Scratch" 是一个拟声词,其发音模拟了用尖锐物体摩擦表面时发出的刺耳声音。最早出现在古英语中,拼写为 "scracchan",含义是 "用爪子或指甲抓挠",最初描述动物的本能动作。随着语言发展,逐渐用于描述人类行为,如今已衍生出抽象用法,如 "勉强维持生计" "临时拼凑" 等 。
为什么 "from scratch" 会有 "从头开始" 的意思呢?原来在一些运动中,人们曾采用 "在地上划线" 的方式来制作起跑线,这条线被称作 "the scratch line","起跑" 便称为 "starting from scratch",后来引申为 "从头开始" 。