音标:英 /nəʊ/,美 /noʊ/
词性:动词(v.)
核心含义:表示对事实、信息、人或事物的认知、熟悉或理解,是英语中使用频率最高的动词之一。其基本语义围绕“知晓”展开,但具体用法需根据语境区分。
知道事实/信息
指头脑中存在某个正确信息或答案。
例:I don't know the name of the place.(我不知道那个地方的名称。)
例:"How did he meet your mother?" — "I don't know."(“他怎么认识你母亲的?”“我不知道。”)
认识某人
因曾经相遇或交流而熟悉对方。
例:Gifford was a friend. I'd known him for nine years.(吉福德是我的朋友,我认识他九年了。)
听说过某事
表示对事物有间接了解,但细节有限。
例:We know of the incident but have no further details.(我们听说过那个事件,但不清楚更多细节。)
了解某领域/语言
指对学科、技能或语言有系统性认知。
例:Hire someone with experience, someone who knows about real estate.(雇一个有经验、懂房地产的人。)
例:It helps to know French and Creole if you want to understand some of the lyrics.(想听懂部分歌词,最好懂法语和克里奥尔语。)
辨认/识别
看到或听到时能够认出人或事物。
例:Would she know you if she saw you on the street?(如果在街上见到你,她会认出你吗?)
意识到/察觉到
指通过观察或感受发现某事。
例:Then I saw a gun under the hall table so I knew that something was wrong.(看到大厅桌下有枪,我意识到出事了。)
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| know better than to do sth | 明事理(不该做某事) | You know better than to lie to your parents.(你明知道不该对父母撒谎。) |
| be in the know | 掌握内幕/知情 | Talk to Tim. He's in the know.(问蒂姆吧,他了解内情。) |
| know-how | 实际技能/诀窍 | We need someone with the know-how to fix the machine.(我们需要懂技术的人来修机器。) |
| know sth inside out | 彻底了解某事 | She knows this project inside out.(她对这个项目了如指掌。) |
| know the ropes | 熟悉规则/门道 | It takes time to know the ropes in a new job.(新工作需要时间熟悉流程。) |
发音注意:字母“k”不发音,仅读 /nəʊ/(英)或 /noʊ/(美),与“now”(/naʊ/)发音不同,需注意区分。
时态变化:
过去式:knew /njuː/
过去分词:known /nəʊn/(英)/noʊn/(美)
避免误解:单独使用“I know”可能暗含“无需多言”的不耐烦语气,建议用“I see”或“I understand”表达“我知道了”。
地道表达:口语中常用缩写形式,如“I don’t know”可弱读为 /aɪ dəʊnt nəʊ/,甚至简化为“dunno”(非正式)。
Do you know how to swim?(你会游泳吗?)
I’ve known her since we were children.(我从小就认识她。)
He knows of a good restaurant nearby.(他听说附近有一家不错的餐厅。)
She knows French fluently.(她法语说得很流利。)
They knew the truth but kept silent.(他们知道真相却保持沉默。)
I know this city like the back of my hand.(我对这座城市了如指掌。)
You should know better than to trust strangers.(你该明白不能相信陌生人。)
He’s in the know about the company’s plans.(他了解公司的计划内幕。)
The team lacks technical know-how to complete the project.(团队缺乏完成项目的技术能力。)
She knew the song by