nature
英式发音:/ˈneɪtʃə(r)/
美式发音:/ˈneɪtʃər/
nature 是英语中多义词,核心含义包括三大类:
大自然,自然界:指独立于人类创造的所有生物、非生物及自然现象,如动植物、山川、气候等。
例:The most amazing thing about nature is its infinite variety.(大自然最令人惊叹的是其无限多样性。)
本质,特性:某事物固有的基本属性或特征。
例:The rise of a major power is both economic and military in nature.(大国崛起本质上兼具经济和军事属性。)
性格,天性:指人或生物天生的行为倾向或性格特质。
例:She trusted people. That was her nature.(她信任他人,这是她的天性。)
此外,在古英语中可指“具有某种特性的人”,现代英语中较少使用。
human nature 人性;人类天性
例:It is in human nature to seek comfort.(追求舒适是人的天性。)
nature reserve 自然保护区
例:The local government established a new nature reserve to protect endangered species.(当地政府新建自然保护区以保护濒危物种。)
by nature 天生地;本质上
例:He is kind by nature.(他生性善良。)
second nature 第二天性(因习惯而形成的本能行为)
例:Planning ahead had always come as second nature to her.(预先规划对她而言早已是第二天性。)
let nature take its course 顺其自然
例:Instead of worrying, just let nature take its course.(与其焦虑,不如顺其自然。)
Violence is not in his nature.(他本性并不粗暴。)
Just let nature take its course.(就顺其自然吧。)
Dishonesty is foreign to his nature.(弄虚作假并非他的本性。)
Peacekeeping, by its nature, makes pre-planning difficult.(维和行动本质上难以预先规划。)
There is movement toward something in the nature of a pluralistic system.(有向类似多元体系发展的趋势。)
It's not in his nature to be unkind.(他天生不会刻薄。)
My work is very specialized in nature.(我的工作具有高度专业性。)
We appealed to his better nature.(我们试图唤起他的善良本性。)
Books of a scientific nature are popular among students.(科学类书籍深受学生欢迎。)
She was very anxious to get away from cities and back to nature.(她迫切想逃离城市,回归自然。)
不可数与可数:表示“大自然”时为不可数名词(无复数);表示“不同类型”或“多种特性”时可加复数(natures),如different natures(不同性质)。
固定搭配的介词:表示“本质上”用 in nature,如What is the problem in nature?(问题本质是什么?)。
从“山川草木”到“人性本质”,nature 一词连接了自然世界与人类认知,是英语中描述“存在之本”的核心词汇。你还能想到哪些用 nature 表达抽象概念的场景?