“grades”是英语中常见的多义词,音标为英 /ɡˈreɪdz/、美 /ɡreɪdz/,核心含义包括“成绩”“等级”和“年级”三大类[6][8]。作为“成绩”时,指考试或作业的评分结果(如A、B、C或数字分数);作为“等级”时,可描述产品质量、官职层级等;在美式英语中还表示“年级”,即学校中的学习阶段[7][12]。
表示成绩
指学生的考试分数或学业表现,是最常用的含义之一。
常见搭配:
good grades(好成绩):Grants are available to students who have high grades(成绩优秀的同学可获奖学金)
poor grades(差成绩):Maybe that's why his grades have been so bad(也许这就是他成绩这么差的原因)
grade point average (GPA)(平均绩点):综合成绩的加权平均值
表示等级/级别
用于分类事物的质量、水平或职位高低。
常见搭配:
high grade(高级):a good grade of plywood(高品质的胶合板)
food grade(食品级):符合食品安全标准的等级
steel grade(钢种):不同强度或用途的钢材分类
表示年级(美式英语)
指学校教育中的年级划分,对应英式英语的“form”。
例句:Sam is in (the) second grade(萨姆读二年级)
My grades were OK, but I thought I should have gotten an ‘A’ in chemistry(我的成绩还不错,但我觉得化学应该得A)
With her high grades and athletic skill, Celeste had her choice of colleges(西莉斯特成绩优秀又有运动技能,可以随意挑选大学)
One supermarket now grades its wines on a scale of 1 to 9(某超市将葡萄酒按甜度从1到9分级)
Inner-city schools generally achieved lower exam grades than other schools(旧城区学校的考试成绩通常低于其他学校)
She earned her grades through sheer hard work(她的成绩完全靠刻苦用功得来)
If he gets good enough grades, he'll get a scholarship(如果成绩足够好,他就能获得奖学金)
Most of our students attained five ‘A’ grades in their exams(多数学生考试获得五个A)
He had a casual attitude toward studying and grades(他对学习和成绩抱无所谓的态度)
Lynne got satisfactory grades and was offered a place at university(林恩成绩合格,被大学录取)
Female students tend to get better grades than male students(女生成绩往往比男生好)
make the grade:达到标准、成功。She failed to make the grade as a dancer(她没能成为合格的舞者)
up to grade:符合标准。The material is not up to grade(这种材料不达标)
grade school:小学(美式英语)
从课堂讨论成绩到超市商品分级,“grades”的应用贯穿学习、工作和日常生活。它既是学生关注的“分数”,也是商品质量的“标签”,理解其多义性有助于更精准地使用英语表达。你是否曾在国外购物时注意过产品包装上的“grade”标识?这些细节往往藏着语言背后的文化逻辑。