音标:英 /spred/,美 /sprɛd/
词性:动词、名词、形容词
核心含义:兼具“物理空间扩展”与“抽象信息扩散”双重意义,是英语中使用频率极高的多义词。
传播/散布:指信息、疾病、谣言等在群体或区域中扩散。
例:The rumor spread quickly through the village.(谣言在村子里迅速传开)
展开/铺开:将折叠或卷曲的物体伸展开来。
例:She spread the map flat out on the floor.(她把地图平铺在地上)
伸展/延伸:身体部位或物体向四周延展。
例:I spread my arms as far apart as I could.(我尽可能伸展开双臂)
涂/敷:在表面均匀涂抹薄层物质。
例:Spread butter on the toast.(在吐司上涂黄油)
时态变化:过去式和过去分词均为 spread(无变化)
及物与不及物:
及物:She spread the news.(她传播了消息)
不及物:Fire spread rapidly.(火势迅速蔓延)
传播/蔓延:抽象概念的扩散过程。
例:the spread of disease(疾病的传播)
范围/幅度:事物覆盖的广度或差异程度。
例:a wide spread of opinions(意见的广泛分歧)
价差/差额:金融领域中价格或利率的差值。
例:The bid-ask spread for this stock is wide.(这只股票的买卖价差很大)
盛宴/涂抹酱:非正式语境中指丰盛的饭菜或果酱等涂抹食品。
例:Our host had a fine spread waiting for us.(主人准备了盛宴招待我们)
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| spread out | 展开;散开 | Spread out the map on the table. |
| spread over | 遍及;延续 | The fog spread over the valley. |
| spread like wildfire | 迅速传播(像野火般) | The news spread like wildfire. |
| spread the word | 宣传;散布消息 | Please spread the word about the event. |
spread vs. distribute:
spread 强调“无固定对象的大范围扩散”(如疾病、谣言)
distribute 侧重“有目的地分配给特定对象”(如分发物资)
金融领域特殊含义:
在“spread trade”(跨期交易)中,指“期差”;在贷款利率中,指“利差”(超出基准利率的部分)
The radio spread the news as soon as the accident happened.(事故一发生,收音机就传播了消息)
She spread her wings and flew lightly down.(她展开翅膀轻轻飞下)
We spread a rug on the grass for the picnic.(我们在草地上铺毯子野餐)
The survey revealed a wide spread of opinion.(调查显示意见分歧很大)
The river blockaded the spread of the forest fire.(河流阻止了森林火灾蔓延)
Don’t make the paste too thick, or it will not spread evenly.(酱不要太稠,否则涂不均匀)
The bird's wings have a spread of three feet.(这只鸟的翼展有三英尺)
The remaining negative charge can be spread out over three atoms.(剩余负电荷可分散到三个原子上)
The bid-ask spread for this stock is quite wide.(这只股票的买卖价差很大)
He's spreading himself too thin by taking on too many projects.(他接太多项目,精力过于分散)
spread 的多义性使其成为跨场景高频词汇,从物理动作(铺展、涂抹)到抽象概念(传播、价差)均有涉及。掌握其核心含义后,需结合语境区分具体用法,尤其注意金融等专业领域的特殊释义。你是否曾在不同场景中遇到过 spread 的歧义用法?欢迎分享你的理解!