takeoff 是英语中一个多词性、多义的词汇,其核心含义围绕“脱离”或“开始”展开。作为名词时,英式发音为 /ˈteɪkɒf/,美式发音为 /ˈteɪkˌɔːf/;作为动词短语 take off 使用时,发音相同但重音可略有变化[8]。它的基本含义包括飞机起飞、经济或事业的腾飞、滑稽模仿等,同时短语搭配 take off 还可表示脱衣物、请假等动作[6][7]。
(飞机、直升机等的)起飞
这是最常见的含义,指飞行器离开地面升空的动作。
例句:The commuter plane was waiting for takeoff.(通勤飞机在等候起飞。)
The plane crashed shortly after takeoff.(飞机起飞后不久便坠毁了。)
(经济、生意等的)开始腾飞,迅速发展
用于比喻事物进入快速增长或成功阶段。
例句:My business has taken off since last year.(我的生意从去年开始腾飞。)[4]
Kuznets also doubts the validity of the notion of "self-sustaining growth" initiated in the takeoff stage.(库茨涅兹还怀疑起飞阶段中最初的“自我保持增长”观点是否可信。)
(对他人言行的)滑稽模仿
指通过夸张模仿某人的举止或风格以达到幽默效果。
例句:She does a marvellous takeoff of the Queen.(她学女王的样子学得惟妙惟肖。)
The comedian made a hilarious takeoff on famous politicians.(喜剧演员对著名政治家进行了滑稽模仿。)
动词短语 take off 的特殊含义
脱衣物:表示移除衣物或配件,此时短语可分拆,宾语可置于中间。
例句:I'm going to take off my jumper. / I'm going to take my jumper off.(我要脱下毛衣。)[4]
请假,休假:与时间词搭配,表示暂时离开工作或学习。
例句:I'm going to take a day off work tomorrow.(我明天要请一天假。)[4]
匆匆离开:表示突然或急忙离去。
例句:He took off without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就匆匆离开了。)
takeoff point:起点,指事物开始的地方。
例句:New York City is the takeoff point of our journey.(纽约是我们旅行的起点。)
takeoff into:突然进入某种状态,尤指名声或成功。
例句:She took off into fame after her first movie.(她在第一部电影发布后迅速走红。)
have a takeoff:(某事物)得到广泛关注。
例句:The new smartphone model had a takeoff as soon as it was announced.(新款智能手机一发布就受到了大量关注。)
power takeoff:动力输出装置,机械领域术语。
例句:The tractor's power takeoff drives the agricultural machinery.(拖拉机的动力输出装置驱动农业机械。)
The plane roared down the runway for takeoff.(飞机轰鸣着沿着跑道疾驰,准备起飞。)
You are not allowed to smoke until after takeoff.(飞机起飞之前你不得抽烟。)
The programme was worth watching for an inspired takeoff of the Collins sisters.(这个节目值得一看,因为有对柯林斯姐妹的滑稽创意模仿。)
I never liked his music, but it's taken off quite recently.(我以前不喜欢他的音乐,但最近它突然走红了。)
Please take off your shoes when you come inside. / Please take your shoes off when you come inside.(进屋时请脱鞋。)
从飞行器离地到事业起步,从脱下外套到模仿名人,takeoff 及其短语以“脱离”为核心,在不同语境中展现出丰富的语义。掌握其多义性不仅能提升语言应用能力,还能帮助理解西方文化中对“突破”与“转变”的表达习惯。下次听到有人说 "My career is taking off" 时,你就知道这不仅仅是“起飞”,更是“成功启航”的生动比喻。