“愤懑”在英语中最常用的对应词是 resentment，读音为英 /rɪˈzentmənt/、美 /rɪˈzentmənt/，指因受到不公平对待或委屈而产生的长期积压的怨恨情绪。它比普通的“愤怒”（anger）更强调内心的压抑和持久的不满，常表现为“敢怒不敢言”的状态。
resentment 作为不可数名词，通常与以下动词搭配使用：
表达情绪：express resentment（表达愤懑）、simmer with resentment（憋着火气）
内心状态：harbor resentment（心怀怨恨）、bear no resentment（毫无怨恨）
产生结果：breed resentment（滋生怨恨）、stir up resentment（激起不满）
常见短语如 silent resentment（敢怒不敢言）、old resentment（旧怨），以及文学化表达“秋怨”（autumn resentment）。
她对被社工反复询问表示愤懑。
She expressed resentment at being repeatedly interviewed by the social worker.
长期失业必然会滋生民众的不满情绪。
Prolonged unemployment is bound to breed resentment among the public.
他对当年被不公平解雇的事仍心存芥蒂。
He still harbors resentment over being unfairly dismissed back then.
沉默的愤懑比爆发的怒火更伤人。
Silent resentment hurts more than open anger.
政策的反复无常引发了基层员工的强烈不满。
The policy's inconsistency has stirred up deep resentment among grassroots employees.
她强压怒火，用平静的语气回应了指责。
She simmered with resentment and responded to the accusation in a calm tone.
多年的积怨在争吵中彻底爆发了。
Years of pent-up resentment finally erupted during the quarrel.
他声称对前任上司已无怨恨，但语气却暴露了真实情绪。
He claimed to bear no resentment towards his former boss, but his tone betrayed him.
公众对官员的贪腐行为感到极大愤慨。
The public felt great resentment towards officials' corruption.
用公正化解怨恨，用善意回报善意，这是孔子的处世之道。
"Repay resentment with fairness and justice, and virtue with virtue" — this is Confucius' philosophy of life.
resentment：强调因不公或伤害产生的长期压抑情绪，如“积怨”。
indignation：侧重因道德义愤产生的愤怒，如对不公现象的“愤慨”。
anger：普通用词，泛指各类愤怒情绪，程度较浅。
wrath：正式用语，指强烈的暴怒，常见于文学或宗教语境。
当我们感受到愤懑时，是应该像孔子所说“以直报怨”，还是选择彻底释怀？这种情绪的存在，或许正是提醒我们正视不公、