All of us can change our behaviour to fit different situations.We are often noisy at weddings and s

All of us can change our behaviour to fit different situations.We are often noisy at weddings and sympathetic at funerals.Our table manners are not the same at a picnic as in a restaurant.When speaking with people,we feel free to interrupt close friends but tend to listen to our employers until they finish.If we don’t make such adjustments(调整),we are likely to get into trouble. From one point of view,language is behaviour;it is part of the way we act.And like every other kind of behaviour,it must be adjusted to fit different contexts or situations where it is used.For instance,among people who are used to a writing system,there is one adjustment everyone makes:they speak one way and write another way.Speakers can stop in the middle of a conversation and repeat themselves if they sense that they are being misunderstood;writers often go back over their writing to see that it is clear,which is,however,before the communication occur.Once writers have passed their writing to someone else,they cannot change it. Speakers can use intonation(语调)，stress(重音)，and pauses to help make their meaning clear.A simple sentence like “John kept my pencil” may mean,by a shift in the stress and intonation patterns,either John rather than someone else kept the pencil,or John kept rather than just borrowed the pencil,or it was a pencil rather than anything else that he kept.Writers,on the other hand,have their special tools of various punctuation(标点) marks,capitals,italic(斜体) letters,and so on.Skillful writers could also change the word order of a sentence.So“Cindy only had five dollars” could be turned into “Cindy had only five dollars” to mean Cindy had no more than five dollars,or into “Only Cindy had five dollars” to mean nobody but Cindy had five dollars. 36.The main purpose of the first paragraph in this passage is to _______. A.summarize the passage B.introduce the topic of the passage C.use examples to illustrate the first sentence of the paragraph D.use examples to illustrate the last sentence of the paragraph 37.According to Paragraph 1,we must adjust our behavior. because _______. A.we should appear happy at weddings and sad at funerals B.we should listen to our employers more than to our friends C.our manners should be different in different places D.our behavior. should be acceptable to others around 38.Language as mentioned in Paragraph 2 is considered _______. A.a kind of behavior B.an act found in all situations C.an adjustment everyone makes D.both spoken and written 39.According to Paragraph 2,speakers and writers differ mainly in _______. A.the amount of time they spend on the communication B.the number of times they stop while communicating C.how they can make sure that they are not misunderstood D.when they decide to begin the communication 40.According to Paragraph 3,speakers can use such tools as _______ to make their meaning clear. A.intonation patterns and word order B.stress patterns and word order C.pauses and punctuation marks D.pauses and shifts in stress patternsA.We B.Our C.When D.If E. From F.And G.For H.Speakers I.Once J. Speakers K.A L.Writers,on M.Skillful N.So“Cindy O. 36.The P. A.summarize Q.introduce R.use S.use T.According U. A.we V.we W.our X.our Y.Language Z. A.a [.an .an ].both ^.According _. A.the `.the a.how b.when c.According d. A.intonation e.stress f.pauses g.pauses

36. B

The first paragraph discusses how people adjust behavior in different situations (e.g., weddings vs. funerals, picnics vs. restaurants). This sets up the broader topic that follows: language, as a form of behavior, also requires situational adjustment. It does not summarize the entire passage (A), nor does it focus solely on illustrating its first or last sentence (C/D), but rather introduces the core theme.

37. D

The paragraph states, "If we don’t make such adjustments, we are likely to get into trouble". This implies adjustments are necessary to ensure behavior is socially acceptable. Options A, B, and C are specific examples of adjustments, not the underlying reason. The key reason is avoiding negative consequences by aligning with social expectations.

38. A

Paragraph 2 explicitly states, "From one point of view, language is behaviour; it is part of the way we act". While language includes spoken and written forms (D), the question focuses on how language is "considered" in this paragraph, which directly identifies it as "a kind of behavior" (A).

39. C

Paragraph 2 contrasts speakers and writers:

Speakers can "stop in the middle... and repeat themselves if they sense misunderstanding" (real-time correction during communication).

Writers revise "before the communication occurs" and cannot change text afterward.
The core difference is how they ensure clarity (C). Options A, B, and D are not supported by the text.

40. D

Paragraph 3 states: "Speakers can use intonation, stress, and pauses to help make their meaning clear". It later gives an example of meaning shifts via "a shift in the stress and intonation patterns". Word order (A/B) and punctuation (C) are tools for writers, not speakers. Thus, speakers use pauses and shifts in stress patterns (D).

Answers: 36-B, 37-D, 38-A, 39-C, 40-D