cost
音标:英 [kɒst],美 [kɔːst]
名词:费用、成本、代价(包括金钱、时间、努力或牺牲),也可指法律语境中的“诉讼费”。
例:The production cost of this phone is $300.(这部手机的生产成本为300美元)
动词:表示“花费”“使付出代价”,主语通常为事物,宾语可接金钱、时间或抽象损失;也可表示“估算成本”,此时主语为人。
例:The mistake cost the company millions.(这个错误使公司损失数百万)
动词用法
主语限制:表“花费”时主语必须是事物(如物品、事件),不可是人;表“估算成本”时主语是人。
正确:The book costs $20.(这本书20美元)
错误:I cost 20 on the book.)
特殊时态:作“花费”解时,过去式和过去分词均为 cost;作“估算”解时用 costed。
例:The project was costed at $50,000.(该项目估算成本为5万美元)
双宾语结构:直接宾语为金钱/代价,间接宾语为人,即“sth. cost sb. sth.”。
例:The accident cost him his leg.(这场事故让他失去了一条腿)
与近义词的区别
| 动词 | 主语 | 常用搭配 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cost | 事物 | sth. cost sb. money/time | The trip cost us three days. |
| spend | 人 | sb. spend money/time on sth. | She spent $100 on books. |
| pay | 人 | sb. pay money for sth. | I paid $50 for the ticket. |
| take | it形式主语 | It takes sb. time to do sth. | It took me an hour to cook. |
at all costs:不惜任何代价
例:We must protect the data at all costs.(我们必须不惜一切代价保护数据)
at the cost of:以……为代价
例:He succeeded at the cost of his health.(他以健康为代价取得了成功)
to one's cost:付出代价后才明白
例:She learned to her cost that lying ruins trust.(她吃了苦头才明白撒谎会破坏信任)
名词用法:
The cost of living in this city has risen by 10%.(该城市生活成本上涨了10%)
They won the case but had to pay $5,000 in costs.(他们赢了官司,但需支付5000美元诉讼费)
动词用法:
How much does this laptop cost?(这台笔记本电脑多少钱?)
Careless driving cost him his life.(粗心驾驶使他丧命)
The engineer costed the project at $2 million.(工程师估算该项目成本为200万美元)
误用被动语态:cost表“花费”时无被动形式,不可说“The book was cost \(20”,而应直接说“The book cost \)20”。
混淆“代价”与“价格”:cost强调“获取某物所付出的代价”,而price仅指“售价”。例如:The price of the car is 30,000.
无论