breakdown 的音标为 英 /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/、美 /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/,作为名词时核心含义包括崩溃、故障、分类明细等,具体用法需结合语境判断。以下从意思、翻译、用法、例句及短语搭配展开说明:
(关系、计划等的)失败/破裂
指系统、谈判或关系因问题终止,可译为“破裂、失败”。
例:The breakdown of their marriage became inevitable after years of conflict.(多年冲突后,他们的婚姻破裂不可避免)
(精神或身体的)崩溃/衰竭
强调因压力或疾病导致的机能失调,译为“精神崩溃、健康衰竭”。
例:She suffered a nervous breakdown after working 80-hour weeks for months.(连续数月每周工作80小时后,她精神崩溃了)
(机器/设备的)故障
指机械或车辆停止运转,译为“故障、抛锚”。
例:The road trip was ruined by repeated breakdowns of our old car.(我们的旧车频繁故障,毁了这次公路旅行)
分类/明细
指数据或信息的详细拆分列表,译为“明细、分类表”。
例:The report includes a breakdown of costs by department.(报告包含各部门的成本明细)
其他专业含义
化学/电学:分解、击穿(如“breakdown voltage”译为“击穿电压”)
音乐:骤停段落(歌曲中节奏突变的过渡部分)
可数名词:需与冠词(a/the)或复数形式搭配,如“a mental breakdown”(一次精神崩溃)、“equipment breakdowns”(设备故障)。
介词搭配:表示“某事物的失败/明细”时,常用“the breakdown of sth”,如“the breakdown of negotiations”(谈判破裂)。
His mental breakdown forced him to take a year off work.(精神崩溃迫使他休假一年)
The breakdown of the supply chain caused shortages in supermarkets.(供应链中断导致超市缺货)
The car had a breakdown on the highway, so we called a tow truck.(汽车在高速上抛锚,我们叫了拖车)
Can you give me a breakdown of the project timeline?(能给我一份项目时间线明细吗?)
She’s still recovering from her nervous breakdown last winter.(她仍在从去年冬天的精神崩溃中恢复)
The breakdown of law and order led to widespread chaos.(法律秩序崩溃引发大规模混乱)
The accountant provided a detailed breakdown of monthly expenses.(会计提供了月度开支的详细明细)
After the accident, he experienced a physical breakdown and couldn’t walk for weeks.(事故后他身体垮了,数周无法行走)
The machine’s breakdown was caused by a worn-out part.(机器故障是由一个磨损部件导致的)
The breakdown of their friendship began with a misunderstanding.(他们友谊的破裂始于一场误会)