administer 的音标为英 [ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)]、美 [ədˈmɪnɪstər],是一个多义动词,核心含义包括“管理、执行、给予(药物或治疗)”等,广泛应用于医疗、法律、教育、企业管理等多个领域。
管理,治理:指对组织、机构或事务进行监督和控制。例如管理公司、基金、学校等。
例:He administers a large hedge fund.(他管理一个大型对冲基金。)
例:The pension funds are administered by commercial banks.(养老基金由商业银行经管。)
执行,实施:指执行法律、政策、测试或计划等。
例:The courts administer the law.(法院执行法律。)
例:The questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers.(问卷调查由经过训练的采访人员负责执行。)
给予,施用(药物或治疗):尤指医疗场景中给药或提供治疗。
例:The dose was administered to the child intravenously.(已给那孩子静脉注射了这一剂量。)
例:Paramedics are trained to administer certain drugs.(护理人员接受了配发某些药物的培训。)
其他特殊含义:包括“主持仪式”“给予帮助”“(正式)踢/打”等。
例:Ministers are called upon to administer church sacraments.(牧师们被号召主持教堂圣礼。)
例:He administered a severe blow to his opponent's head.(他朝着对手的头部狠狠打了一拳。)
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| administer justice | 执法,执行审判 | We hope that they're going to administer justice impartially.(我们希望他们能公正执法。) |
| administer medicine | 给药,配药 | The nurse administered the medicine to the sick child.(护士给生病的孩子服药。) |
| administer a test/exam | 组织考试 | The teacher administered the math test at 9 a.m.(教师在上午9点进行了数学考试。) |
| administer a company/fund | 管理公司/基金 | It takes brains to administer a large corporation.(管理大公司需要智慧。) |
| administer relief | 提供救济 | The government says it will administer relief to famine victims.(政府表示将向饥民发放救济品。) |
及物动词:需接宾语,如“administer + 名词”(管理事务、执行法律、给予帮助等)。
正确:administer the law(执行法律);错误:administer to the law。
被动语态:正式语境中常用被动形式,强调动作的承受者。
例:The treatment was administered by the doctor.(治疗由医生进行。)
易混淆词:与 administrate 形近,但后者使用频率低,主要指“行政管理”,而 administer 含义更广。
The UN was asked to administer the country until elections.(联合国被请求管理该国直至选举。)
Police believe his wife could not have administered the poison.(警方认为他的妻子不可能下毒。)
She used an eye dropper to administer medication to the eyes.(她用滴管滴眼药水。)
The plan calls for stricter measures to administer public services.(该计划要求采取更严格的措施管理公共服务。)
The ITO was to administer a comprehensive code governing world trade.(ITO负责管理全球贸易的综合性法典。)
Oral polio vaccine is easy to administer and has few side effects.(口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗易于施用且副作用少。)
The teacher has the authority to administer punishment.(老师有权处罚。)
He will administer and supervise the newly installed programs.(他将管理和监控新安装的程序。)
The physician may prescribe but not administer the drug.(内科医师可以开处方但不可发药。)
Whatever we do should administer to the needs of the many.(我们做任何事都应满足多数人的需求。)
掌握 administer 的多义性和搭配规律,能有效提升正式写作与专业表达的准确性。无论是医疗场景中的“给药”,还是管理领域的“治理”,准确使用该词都是精进英语