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until

更新时间:2026-05-30 15:57:38   栏目: 在线翻译

until 的音标为 /ʌnˈtɪl/(美式),核心含义是“直到……为止”,可作介词或连词,用于表示动作持续的终点或状态变化的临界点。其用法需根据动词类型(延续性/瞬间性)和句式(肯定/否定)调整,常见搭配包括 not...until(直到……才)等。

一、基础含义与词性

介词:后接时间名词或短语,表示“到某时间点为止”。

例:She stayed here until Friday.(她待到周五才离开。)

连词:引导时间状语从句,表示“直到某事件发生为止”。

例:He waited until she finished speaking.(他一直等到她讲完。)

二、核心用法与句型

1. 肯定句:延续性动词 + until

主句谓语为延续性动词(如 wait, work, stay),表示动作持续到 until 后的时间点结束。

I worked until midnight to finish the project.(我一直工作到午夜才完成项目。)

They played games until it started to rain.(他们玩游戏直到开始下雨。)

2. 否定句:not...until(直到……才)

主句谓语为瞬间性动词(如 leave, start, realize),需用否定式,表示动作在 until 后才发生。

I didn’t leave until he came back.(直到他回来,我才离开。)

She didn’t stop crying until her mom arrived.(直到妈妈来,她才停止哭泣。)

3. 强调句型:It is/was not until...that...

通过强调结构突出时间点,主句需用肯定式。

It was not until midnight that the noise stopped.(直到午夜,噪音才停止。)

4. 倒装句型:Not until...(主句倒装)

Not until 置于句首时,主句需部分倒装(助动词提前)。

Not until he called did I wake up.(直到他打电话,我才醒。)

三、常见短语搭配

until now/today:直到现在/今天

Until now, I had no idea about this.(直到现在我才知道这件事。)

until further notice:直到另行通知

The meeting is postponed until further notice.(会议延期,直到另行通知。)

until then:直到那时

I’ll stay here until then.(我会待到那时。)

not...until unless:除非……才(强调条件)

I won’t go until unless she invites me.(除非她邀请,否则我不去。)

四、10 句实用例句

The heat did not relax until midnight.(直到半夜,炎热才缓解。)

I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm.(直到听到闹钟,我才醒来。)

She worked until she finished the report.(她一直工作到完成报告。)

Until the 1930s, tango was seen as a dance form.(20世纪30年代前,探戈被视为舞蹈形式。)

Not until he apologized did she forgive him.(直到他道歉,她才原谅他。)

It was not until 1800 that the technique was improved.(直到1800年,这项技术才得到改进。)

Wait here until I come back.(在这儿等我回来。)

They stayed until the end of the movie.(他们待到电影结束。)

I won’t stop until I achieve my goal.(直到实现目标,我才会停止。)

Until now, no one has solved this problem.(至今无人解决这个问题。)

五、易混点辨析

until vs. till:二者含义相同,till 更口语化,until 可用于句首,till 则不行。

例:Until/Till she came, I waited.(正确);Till she came, I waited.(不常用)

until vs. before:在表示“在……之前”时可互换(如 Until/Before 1990, he lived here.),但 until 更强调动作的持续性。

总结:until 的核心是“时间终点”,需根据动词类型选择肯