idiosyncratic 的英式发音为 [ˌɪdiəʊsɪŋˈkrætɪk]，美式发音为 [ˌɪdiəsɪŋˈkrætɪk]，作为形容词表示“独特的、特质的、异质的”，强调个体或事物所具有的与众不同的特性，这些特性往往不被他人共享。其核心含义可理解为“ peculiar to the individual”，即专属于某个个体或事物的特殊之处。

该词常见于描述人的行为、艺术风格、思维方式等方面的独特性。例如，“Michelangelo's highly idiosyncratic style of painting”体现了米开朗基罗绘画风格的独特性；“Her blackboard technique was also extremely idiosyncratic”则说明她写黑板的技巧别具一格。在医学领域，它还可表示“特异体质的、特异反应的”，如“idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity”指宿主特异质肝毒性。

以下是10个实用例句及翻译：

He is so idiosyncratic in his literary judgements that it's impossible to think of him as a sound critic.
他文学方面的见解如此古怪，让人难以将他视为理智的批评家。

The brain works not by dint of its bulk properties but because neurons are wired up in amazingly specific and idiosyncratic patterns.
大脑的运作并非依靠其整体特性，而是因为神经元以极其专一且独特的模式连接。

Another idiosyncratic restaurant is the Red Capital Club, a courtyard house decked out with Mao memorabilia.
另一家特别的餐厅是“新红资俱乐部”，这是一座用毛泽东纪念品装饰的四合院。

China's idiosyncratic pattern of development is never easy to categorise.
中国与众不同的发展模式从来都不易归类。

"These days the fashion culture feels so empty," he said in his idiosyncratic English.
他用独特腔调的英文说：“这年头时尚文化给人的感觉非常空洞。”

But he knew that had he done so, his idiosyncratic genius would soon have led to his dismissal.
但他明白，如果他这样做，自己的异质天赋很快会让他被炒鱿鱼。

The model of idiosyncratic exchange provides a variant of contrast theory.
特质交换模型为我们提供了契约理论的一个变种。

His manner was genial and his speech idiosyncratic.
他态度和蔼，讲话风格独特。

I'd wager this is his idiosyncratic way of introducing us as new mission partners.
我敢打赌这是他介绍我们成为新任务搭档的一种特别方式。

Winckelmann's celebration of the whiteness of ancient art may have been idiosyncratic, but it was hugely influential.
温克尔曼对古代白色艺术的崇拜或许有些古怪，但影响深远。

常见短语搭配包括：“idiosyncratic style”（独特风格）、“idiosyncratic behavior”（特异行为）、“idiosyncratic pattern”（特殊模式）、“idiosyncratic gestures”（个人特有手势）等。在GRE等考试中，该词常与“characteristic”“eccentric”“peculiar”等词同义替换，需注意其在语境中对“独特性”的强调。